Mo-tzu’s Argument Against Music Essay

Mo-tzu (also called Mozi, Moz, or Micius in Latin) was a renowned philosopher in China back in about 390-470 B. C. during the time of the Hundred Schools Thought (Wikipedia, 2007). Having founded Mohism, he argued about the inadequacy of Confucianism and Daoism on the need for a mortal being to self-reflect and meditate upon oneself. He also insisted that, instead of rituals and singings, what human beings need are acts of authenticity that does not include the use of drums, zithers, and pipes. He, therefore, stressed out: â€Å"To have music is wrong† (Par. 1, Book VIII, Chapter XXXII). Main Body We all agreed that Mo-tzu presented a very well thought of argument against music. This can be seen when he stated, Although the body knows they are comfortable, the mouth knows they are gratifying, the eyes know they are delightful, and the ears know they are pleasing, yet they are found not to be in accordance with the deeds of the sage-kings of antiquity and not to contribute to the benefits of the people at present. (Par. 1, Book VIII, Chapter XXXII) In saying this, he implied that music did not have anything to do with the greatness and success of the sage-kings†¦ that it did not fulfill the basic needs, unlike the boats and the carts that were built from the same contribution of the ancient citizens. It slowed production by wasting labor on things that are of no use. He stated, The levy of heavy taxes on the people to construct the big bell, the sounding drum, the ch’in and the she, and the yY and the sheng, is not at all helpful in the endeavor to procure the benefits of the world and destroy its calamities. Therefore Mo-tzu said: To have music is wrong. (Par. 3, Book VIII, Chapter XXXII) Mo-tzu is absolutely correct. Yet in spite of this, if people accept that music is not useful in acquiring the needs of this world, such as food, clothing, and rest (Par. 3, Book VIII, Chapter XXXII), then they must also understand that, just like music, philosophy is just as useless in acquiring the needs of this world, such as food, clothing, and rest (Par. 3, Book VIII, Chapter XXXII). In fact, as compared to music, philosophy presents greater cause for men to think deeply, and run into sickness and chaos (with oneself or with the society) that, in turn, makes them more prone to hunger, to state of undress, and to unrest. What philosophy has failed to give men, music could give with just a stroke or a beat of the instruments. True, musical instruments cannot be directly eaten and cannot cloth the naked, yet the instruments were also considered treasures in the long ago, which means that the owners could sell it for a chance to buy food or clothing in exchange of the musical instruments. When it comes to giving rest, however, music has the capability to give rest to those who are bothered psychologically or biologically. Philosophy, on the other hand, cannot be exchanged for food, clothing, or rest, since it all runs in the mind of the wise men. Thinking about the statements of the wise will just make men hungrier, poorer with less clothing, and more troubled. I, therefore, stress out—to have philosophy is totally wrong! Conclusion Mo-tzu failed to acknowledge that music is an art that sprouts from the very being of the individual. It is like painting, sculpture, literature, or the use of colors. It is an expression of what human beings feel, think of, believe in, or acknowledge. It comes from the mind. With this, it is very obvious that to say that music is totally wrong would also mean that philosophy is totally wrong, since the latter is also an expression of what human beings feel, think of, believe in, or acknowledge. Music comes from the mind just as philosophy comes from the mind. The only difference is that philosophy centers on chosen beings—those who are more gifted and wise—than when compared to music, which is so ordinary and can be expressed by anyone who dreams of expressing himself. Yet they both come from the mind. Even if both have their own sides of gains, both are totally incapable of destroying calamities.

Crime Data Comparison Essay

Crime is being committed every second of each day around the world. Citizens of certain communities view crime as unwanted and causes of unnecessary stressors, although citizens from the lower class society view crime as a normal standard for everyday life. Certain crimes across the United States can be directly associated with gender, ethnicity. For instance, woman shoplift more than a man, and men conduct more violent offenses such as murder, armed robbery, and assault are associated with gender specific. The Federal Bureau of Investigations implemented a country wide database known as the Uniform Crime Report, which compiles statistics of criminal offenses from 18,000 thousand agencies that record and report crime data to the Federal Bureau of Investigations. The Uniform Crime Report is an essential tool for compare and contrasting the crimes across the nation and various components of crime causation. This paper will cover the various crime rates of Los Angeles, California, and Phoenix, Arizona, while employing the most recent statistics derived from the Uniform Crime Report. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reports on numerous crimes that have been committed in different areas, and while emphasizing violent crimes. Violent crimes include acts as robbery, murder, forcible rape, aggravated assault, and non-negligent manslaughter. In Los Angeles, California, has approximately 3,837,207 people as of 2011, and Phoenix, Arizona, has a population of 1,466,097 in 2011, which indicates the population size is quite different. The obvious hypothesis is that Los Angeles posses two times the amount of population than that of Phoenix. The crime comparison data clearly illustrates per one hundred thousand people residing in Los Angeles, California, committed 20045 violent crimes than that reported crime in Phoenix, Arizona, which 8089 violent crimes in 2011. In 2011, Los Angeles had reported 11956 more violent crimes than those compared to Phoenix. In 2011, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigations, the Los Angeles population commits 5.22% of violent crimes  per 1,000 residents with a violent crime rate amount 20045 occurrences, whereas Phoenix has an estimated population of 5.52% of 1,000 residents has commit violent crimes with the occurrence of 8089 (Herald Review, 2013). This signifies that Los Angeles has almost double the amount of individuals with a proportion of 2:1, which means that for every one individual residing in Phoenix, Arizona, there are two people in Los Angeles, California. The crime data indicates that Los Angeles has 44% less dangerous to live oppose to Phoenix. The crime data for Phoenix indicates that residents are 15.8% to get robbed, 2.2 % more likely to get murdered. Despite the number of citizens reported, the amount of crime committed has far greater ratio than that of Los Angeles (Herald Review, 2013). According to the data retrieved from the Uniform Crime Report Los Angeles ranked 95 out of 459 cities throughout California for violent crimes, and Phoenix was ranked number 16 out of 67 cities for violent crimes. Los Angeles has 3.07% of violent crimes when compared to Phoenix, which has 4.64% violent crimes. Phoenix has 0.55% crime and 0.63% for Los Angeles. Los Angeles has the larger percentage because the population is larger. Although the crime rates for Los Angeles, and Phoenix did change between the years of 2011 and 2012, there was a huge change in crime rates. Even though the rates of violent crimes have decreased by 1498 in Los Angeles, California, some crime rates have increased by 1345 in Phoenix, Arizona, although other crimes decreased. A number of factors take place regarding incidents of crimes and why they may have been committed that may explain the difference between the two. According to Schmalleger, hard determinism would be an acceptable understanding of crime causation (Schmalleger, 2013, p. 62). To understand the factors of crime causation theories, theories of crime must be examined because there is more than one factor present when an individual commits a crime. These theories include learning theory, labeling theory, social disorganization, trait theory, social conflict, choice theory, and life course theory. The social process theories, which include the labeling theory and learning  theory, take into thought that criminal behaviors in people are foreseeable based on the interaction with her or his environment. The learning theory is based on the main idea that one must be taught both the emotional and practical skills that an individual will need to commit a crime. These skills are characteristically â€Å"taught† by a friend or family member who shows criminal behaviors them self. The labeling theory is founded on the idea that society creates criminals and crime by placing labels on people who show deviancy. These labels may result in excluded from society and eventually could result in an individual to adopt the characteristics of that label (Gaines & Miller, 2006). The social disorganization theory is founded on the idea that criminal behavior is more likely to occur in areas where social organizations such as schools, family, and the justice system fail to apply control over the community. This means that if the laws, guidelines, and rules of the community or society are not being enforced, criminal activity is more likely to be higher in those communities than those who do enforce the laws (Gaines & Miller, 2006). The trait theory is founded on the belief that psychological and biochemical conditions play a major role in one committing a criminal act. If one has a psychological disorder or a hormonal imbalance, there may be an increased chance that the individual is vulnerable to giving into criminal urges. The choice theory is based on the belief that before one commits a criminal act, that individual weighs the possible benefits versus the costs of committing a crime. If that individual believes they have a greater chance of benefitting from that crime, she or he is most likely going to proceed with that crime (Gaines & Miller, 2006). According to Gaines and Miller, the life course theory is based on the thought that conduct problems such as stealing, lying, and bullying seen in childhood are strong indicators of someone showing future criminal behavior. The social conflict theory states that criminal behavior is founded on the conflict with a ruling social class labeling specific behaviors as illegal because of a social or an economic interest in protecting that community’s  status quo. This is based on the belief that instead of laws showing the values of an entire society, the laws only exhibit the values of the few in society that hold power, and has no oppositions in using the justice system as a means of ensuring that power is kept. If behaviors, such as these are not corrected later in one’s life with improvements such as jobs and positive relationships, wrongful acts of behavior will continue to exist, possibly leading to future criminal activity (2006). The life course theory could explain the differences of criminal activity between Los Angeles and Phoenix as well as the social process theory. The social process theory governs the labeling theory, and learning theory. The development of criminal behavior can be tribute to the environmental conditions. In many cases investigating crime indicate that each crime is different, also the factors contributing to a certain crime can differ. The commonality between the two crime riddled metropolitan areas are the environmental conditions that enhance criminal behavior. In the end crime causation can be linked to several theories but unless mentally unstable should be able to tell right from wrong. References Gaines, L. K. & Miller, R. L. (2006). Criminal Justice in Action: The Core. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/199569524?accountid=458 Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An integrative introduction. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p.62. The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2013). A Word about UCR Data. Retrieved from: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/word

Actual families Essay Example for Free

Actual families Essay ? The views of actual families and perceived families on inner city family values are different in the sense that reality hits actual families. Our minds can perceive what should be done but if we check reality, poverty is a serious problem that should be dealt with fervor. Teaching family values is the foundation of all solutions to these problems. Why is that so? If children learn family values at home and the parents show them good example in practicing these values, children will most likely emulate the parents (Learning Family, 1999, p. 1). Then there will be no existence of violent crimes since people practice compassion. There will be no extreme poverty since people practice being industrious. All these could be perceived in the mind but can be transformed into reality. Finally, it is not true that inner societies should believe that poverty is part and parcel of the society they belong. Poverty can be eradicated by all means if cooperation of the people concerned can be given. However, there are people who become poor because of the things that they do not have control of. And other people experience poverty because they are too indolent to work hard. The former cause of poverty deserves to be treated as recoverable and can be solved. And there is nothing we can do for people who become poor due to idleness and slothfulness. Thus, family values of industry and integrity must be upheld in both actual and perceived families on inner cities. Ashman, K. & Hull, G. 1999. Understanding Generalist Practice. USA: Nelson-Hall, Inc. International Herald Tribune. 2008. Global Food Shortage; America’s light still shines; moving too fast. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from http://www. iht. com /articles/2008/03/13/opinion/edlet. php. Learning Family. 1999. Learning Family Values. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from http://www. learningfamily. net/about/values. htm. News 24 Website. 2008 August 25. Poverty, parenting cause crime. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www. news24. com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_2382088,00. html. Overpopulation Website. 2008 September 7. Impacts. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from http://www. overpopulation. org/impact. html. Vogel, S. 2008 August 24. Gazette Extra. Does Poverty Equal Crime? Scholars disagree. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://gazettextra. com/news/2008/aug/24/does-poverty-crime-scholars-disagree/. Wattenberg, M. , Edwards III, G. & Lineberry, R. 2003. Government of America. USA: Addison- Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc. Actual families. (2017, Jan 08).

In a continuous esssay of not more than 1,000 words, analyse this Essay

In a continuous esssay of not more than 1,000 words, analyse this passage, discussing how narrative voice and dialogue are impor - Essay Example The aforementioned piece is a flawless demonstration of Direct Narrative. One can say so, as in this case, the viewpoint presented to the reader is that of a heterodiegetic narrator, who is not a part of the story, and has complete knowledge of all the happenings in the story. As a result, it gives the reader an opportunity to analyse the situation in the story using a wide pool of thoughts. Charlotte did not stay much longer, and Elizabeth was then left to reflect on what she had heard. It was a long time before she became at all reconciled to the idea of so unsuitable a match. The strangeness of Mr. Collins making two offers of marriage within three days was nothing in comparison of his being now accepted. She had always felt that Charlotte's opinion of matrimony was not exactly like her own, but she could not have supposed it possible that when called into action, she would have sacrificed every better feeling to worldly advantage. Charlotte the wife of Mr. Collins was a most humi liating picture! (Paragraph 4) This fragment very gracefully mingles both Direct and Focalised narrative. The first line has been laid out in pure Direct narrative, with the narrator informing the reader about the departure of Charlotte and the beginning of Elizabeth's train of thoughts. However, from the second line onwards, the narrative shifts to being Focalised, with Elizabeth being the focaliser. The text from here onwards, gives the reader a portrayal of the happening (Charlotte's acceptance of Mr. Collins marriage proposal), solely through Elizabeth's point of view. In a way, the reader 'sees' what Elizabeth sees, and is made to think at the same wavelength as Elizabeth. It ignores all the other aspects of the situation, thus narrowing the scope of understanding and reflection of the reader. However, it also gives the reader the liberty to gather a deep understanding of Elizabeth's character. Moreover, the passage also lays down a brilliant understanding of Free Indirect Spee ch and Dialogue. But Elizabeth had not recollected herself, and making a strong effort for it, was able to assure her with tolerable firmness that the prospect of their relationship was highly grateful to her, and that she wished her all imaginable happiness. (Paragraph 3) The underlined sentences in the above paragraph are a perfect literary example of Free Indirect Speech. It models indirect speech to a certain extent, the only difference being that in this form, there is no introductory clause. For example, in the above sentence, one does not see an expression like 'she said' or 'she exclaimed', which are characteristics of indirect speech. Apart from Free Indirect Speech, the passage also underlines the importance and definitive nature of Dialogue. The steady countenance which Miss Lucas had commanded in telling her story, gave way to a momentary confusion here on receiving so direct a reproach; though, as it was no more than she expected, she soon regained her composure, and ca lmly replied, ?Why should you be surprised, my dear Eliza? Do you think it incredible that Mr. Collins should be able to procure any woman's good opinion, because he was not so happy as to succeed with you?" (Paragraph 2) The sentences within double quotes are Dialogues, said by Charlotte to Elizabeth. Whereas Free Indirect Speech gives the reader an overview of the situation at hand,

Endgame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Endgame - Essay Example The play mirrors this chess approach by comparing it to life. Life is just like endgame in chess where there are few moves left, but the actual end is unknown and unwanted. Hamm talks of how his life is close to the end and he would like to finish it. According to Byron (2007), when Hamm says, â€Å"I hesitate, I hesitate to end. Yes, there it is, its time it ended and yet I hesitate to end,† (Byron, 2007) he talks about how the end is not the simplest choice (p. 2). To man, the world is seen as a source of suffering. Hamm says that that his mother, father and dog all suffer â€Å"as much as creatures can suffer†. He, however, insists than none of them experience â€Å"suffering that equals† his own. From this illustration, the world is depicted as not being understanding to other people’s pain. Repetition has been used by Beckett to emphasize certain themes and motifs of the play. For instance, the words ‘finished’ and ‘end’ have been used repeatedly to emphasize the nature of the end game. While Clov says, â€Å"Finished, its finished, nearly finished, it must be nearly finished† to show the never-ending nature of his task, Hamm uses it repeatedly to ask if his servant can ‘finish’ him (Byron,

Leadership in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in Business - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the high competition in the business world nowadays needs competitive business leaders who will manage to organize their business organizations to achieve their goals. Business leaders need several characteristics in order to achieve their goals. Risk taking is doing something hoping for any outcome, be it good or bad. Any competitive business leader must be ready to take risks. Starting a business involves depositing money or capital where you are not certain whether you will get profit or not. It involves one asking themselves many questions like, â€Å"should I start a business, or should I not?†, â€Å"Should I employ new workers or not?† and many others. Those people who take risks in business will emerge successful, given the high competition in the business world. A business leader who fears to take risks cannot succeed in business because they will fear to get to losses. A good example of an ent repreneur is Amazon’s CEO, Jeff Bezos. Amazon is an organization that deals with the internet business. The CEO says it is good to take risks to manage a business, but it is also good to reduce the risks as the business grows. He says he had to think whether to build Amazon or continue with his previous job on Wall Street. He risked leaving his job to start Amazon, but he succeeded in his online business. Therefore taking risks is always important for success in a business. Another successful business leader, Sir Richard Branson, CEO of Virgin Group (A group of companies in the United States), says, â€Å"Great success does not come without taking risks†. The most important thing is taking the right risks.

The Baptism Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Baptism Debate - Research Paper Example It is, in effect, an initiation into the Christian religion. This discussion examines the history of Baptism as referenced in the Bible, the various ways the ritual is practiced by differing sects of the Christian Church and provides an explanation of its significance in contemporary times. In addition, the paper analyses the differing nuances of its meaning within the Christian religion. The Old Testament does not specifically reference Baptism. The ritual is explicitly of New Testament origin. However, there are mentions of water being used in purification of soul ceremonies which became inserted in the Christian Baptism ceremony. â€Å"I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean† Ezekiel 36:25. 1 Baptism in the New Testament was introduced by John the Baptist who was an undetermined relative of Jesus. John practiced Baptism for people who wished to repent their sins and receive forgiveness by fully immersing them in the Jordan River. This practice of absolving sin by water would become the founding concept for the baptismal ritual and a significant, though not only, component of modern baptism. John baptized his relative Jesus in the Jordan River as he had many others even though, according to the Bible, Jesus was without sin. This act would become a principal aspect of Jesus’ ministry therefore a principal part of the Christian religion. This occurrence also marks the emergence of another aspect of the Christian religion, the Holy Trinity. The son, Christ, heard the Father’s (God’s) voice while the Holy Spirit â€Å"descend[ed] on him like a dove† Mark 1:10. 2 There does not exist specific instructions on how Christians should practice baptism in The New Testament, but within its pages are insights regarding how Jesus and his disciples perceived the act. Christians may only utilise conjecture regarding the suitable method of procedure and connotation of the baptism ritual by examining the numerous Biblical ve rses which refer to this sacrament. Nicodemus said to Him, â€Å"How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he?† â€Å"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.† John 3:5 â€Å"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.† Matthew 28:19 3 The interpretation of the verses related to baptism, as do all other verses of the Bible, vary widely, person to person, and sect to sect and are subject to modification throughout the years and continue to be disputed. An early interpretation of the baptism ritual was penned by the Apostle Barnabas in the First century. â€Å"We indeed descend into the water

CORRECTNESS TEST ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CORRECTNESS TEST - Essay Example I am fully aware that getting a good job is not a bed of roses and the competition in the market is sky-high. Additionally, current age is an age of economic recession with a scarcity of jobs. I know I have to work really hard to outshine my competitors once it comes to job and therefore, I am working very hard. My goal is to get to the executive post in whichever organization I am hired. Managers need to be extremely selective about their words once they deliver their speech in any form. The practice of writing not only polishes my interpretive skills but also adds tones to my existing vocabulary. In order to progress in professional life, it is imperative that one is equipped with good literary skills and one must be able to pen one’s thoughts down in the most appropriate manner to be a successful manager. Therefore, I write and consider it a practice that is favorable to the realization of my

Communications Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Communications Technology - Essay Example No way was I going to pedal over some of those hills though: o Lucky for me the bus drivers were happy to put my bike on a carrier on the front of the bus and drive me to a destination where I could pedal around exploring. Beautiful country...too bad about the tourism dollars going out of the country - but that's another blogg in itself. In 2004 I spent three weeks in Palau for the 9th Pacific Arts Festival - that was awesome! So many cultures, so little time. I plan on traveling the Eastern Coastline of Australia in 2007 - the web pics are breathtaking, and I want to learn to scuba dive. I am also interested in robotics, and have built myself a little bot I've named Nox (yes I'm a Gater [Stargate fan]). I enjoy building things and I enjoy watching Nox learn things - like how to find his way through a maze (I made one out of cardboard) and how to find his way through my apartment (lots of trial and error and the occasional broken glass). At the moment I am building a little sister for Nox, her name is Major Carter (yep, Stargate again!). But trying to build around my studies can be difficult, as all I seem to do is study (_*) I became interested in communications technology at high school. I firmly believe it is necessary for humans to have effective communications: interpersonally, nationally and globally. I think it important also that each person be able to critically analyze and reflect on information that is communicated to us and that each person have access to information, so that we can make informed decisions, and so that institutions, corporations and individuals can be accountable for their actions. It helps that the CT industry is growing rapidly, as that means I more likely to obtain gainful employment - in a job I enjoy! Also, the dynamic nature of the internet will allow me to be innovative and expressive in a variety of ways that suit my character - color, FUN, interaction, connections with like minded individuals and businesses etc. At this point, web programming is a definite interest. I will be able to design sites for others, as well as develop my own about topics which are important to me. Due to current time constraints ; ) I can begin a soapbox from my blogg, for dissemination on an important CT topic: ethics!!! Ethics brings to mind for many people, including students, including myself - the word boringit conjures up images of dry, drab and complicated documents bound in dusty covers, sectioned away in the far corners of libraries. It is unfortunate that we, and I emphasize the collective "we", do not take more of an interest in our rights as citizens of this globe. For that is what ethics is - guidelines for maintaining our freedoms as a human being, our dignity, our privacy, and our accountability to the global community we are a part of. With a medium such as the internet ethics becomes further complicated and even more important - at least I think so. The internet is an unmediated communication environment. This very blogg that you read now has been created by a person whom you do not know, are likely never to meet, and who is going to say a great (and they will be great : ) many things about people, and government, and business - and maybe even you. How do you feel about that I know that for myself I have several netiquette concerns (etiquette for the www). As I write this blogg I feel a pressing need to abscond to the loo (sorry

Nation Branding Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Nation Branding - Dissertation Example A nation is a large group of people that speak the same language and has the same race. A country is different than the nation, a country is a space that is inhabited by the nation or part of it i.e. the nation’s population may be bigger and reside in other countries as well. There is a difference between nation brand/image and country image. There are various terms in the literature i.e. terms that are product related, national level and cultural focus. The image of product country related to the product brand. The nation brand deals with the nation and the product-country image is part of the country image.(Kleppe, 2002). Nation branding is both theory and practice. Its basic goal is to measure, create and at the same time the reputation of the various countries. It is very strongly related to place branding although it is not the same. Place branding entails nation branding, city and region branding. Simon Anholt is the creator of the term â€Å"place branding†, he first used it in 2002 although the term can be seen in the works of other authors like Philip Kotler etc. It refers to any tourist place or a city and a country and to the competition that the particular place faces for tourists as well as another resource. It is part of Public Relations and it is actually a strategic part of it since it supports the view that a change in the public image is ongoing and it requires a strategic plan whereas the change of logo or slogan is not good enough. Place and nation branding are based on the basics of brand management. Brand management is actually a number of marketing tools for products, product lines or brands. Its main purpose is to increase the value of the products as it is perceived by the customer. In Marketing, the brand is considered as a promise to the customer, a promise of quality so that the customers will continue to purchase the product in the future. It is believed that a strong brand can increase sales and the producer can charge a higher price. Nation branding borrows certain principles from brand management. The difference is that these principles are not applied in products but in countries. The goal is to create and protect the country's international reputations. The image of the country is important in order to be successful worldwide. In many cases the image of the country is more important than the products that the country sells. Many countries practice Nation branding. Even the poorer countries are interested in it since it is believed that it can create better and more favorable conditions for commerce, tourism, foreign investment and political relations with other countries. Many countries are also interested in talent attraction i.e. attracting high qualified students. In addition to these, Temporal (http:// www.asia-inc.com/index.phparticleID=2083) suggests that nation branding "

Groups and Teams Essay Example for Free

Groups and Teams Essay Recall a small team or group you have been a part of. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper about your experience. †¢Provide a brief description of the team or group. How many members did it include? What was its purpose? †¢Describe the behaviors the team or group exhibited as it went through each stage of development. †¢Describe a problem the team or group encountered. What steps were taken to address and solve the problem? Was the team or group able to generate a successful solution? Why or why not? †¢Discuss the influence that leadership—or the lack of leadership—had on the team’s or group’s ability to solve the problem. What style of leadership did the leader exhibit? What problem-solving steps were taken to resolve the situation? What steps would have produced better results? †¢Explain whether the team or group was effective. Support your position by discussing goals, roles, ground rules, norms, and characteristics your team or group displayed. How did these characteristics affect the team’s or group’s ability to accomplish its purpose and solve the problem it encountered? †¢Analyze how communication contributed to cohesiveness. Identify and address how diversity or technology affected the team or group members’ ability to communicate with one another to reach a resolution. †¢Explain your thoughts on how goals, roles, ground rules, and norms help determine effectiveness. How did these characteristics affect the team’s or group’s ability to accomplish its purpose and solve the problem? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Ancient History Essay Example for Free

Ancient History Essay New research has immensely impacted on our understanding of daily life in both Pompeii and Herculaneum. Experts in archaeology, science and other fields have revealed copious amounts of information about people, buildings and food found in the two cities prior to the eruption in 62 AD. Experts such as Estelle Lazer and Sarah Bisel have assisted in heightening our understanding of the daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. From 1986 Estelle Lazer worked on a sample of over 300 individuals who were represented by a collection of disarticulated bone. The techniques of forensic medicine and physical anthropology were used to determine sex, age-at-death, height, signs of disease and population affinities of the victims. The results indicated that almost equal numbers of males and females from all age groups did not manage to escape the town before it was destroyed. Sarah Bisel worked with the bone analysis of the skeletons of Herculaneum to determine and study the lifestyle differences between the social classes present within Herculaneum. She discovered many things about the people of Herculaneum such as the town was a genetically diverse society, children were often malnourished due to the lack of calcium in their teeth and the bodies had high levels of lead. This new information has majorly effected and broadened our understanding of daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The evidence of food in the two towns and the study of these by experts such as Wilhelmina Jashemski and the team of principal researchers known as the Pompeii Food and Drink Project, further develop our knowledge of daily life in these famous towns of Campania. Jashemskis project had the purpose of studying animal and plant remains in order to gain an understanding of the kinds of gardens in and around Pompeii as well as gathering information on the wine and oil industries of the area. By examining soil contours and carbonised plant remains, archaeologists have gained a more accurate picture of produce and ornamental gardens in Pompeii. The purpose of the Pompeii Food and Drink Project was to analyse the patterns of daily life in a non-invasive way to study the structures that are associated with food and drink. The Project has collected many ancient artefacts and information, and answered many questions about the food and drink storage, distribution, preparation, serving, and consumption in Ancient Pompeii. All these sources combine to give us a more acute knowledge of the ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The buildings found in Pompeii and Herculaneum provide extensive information about the lifestyle of people living there. The House of Pompeii Project, started in 1977, had the focus of investigating and salvaging buildings which had been excavated in previous years but had not necessarily been recorded. The two houses that were particularly studied was the House of the Ancient Hunt and the House of the Coloured Capitals. The Project has not uncovered any new information, only recorded findings on certain housing which were either not properly recorded or completely ignored. The Insula of Menander Project had much the same aim as the House of Pompeii Project, in that they were redressing the deficiencies in earlier records. Their main focus, though, was the insula conducted under Amedeo Maiuri. The Project provided a detailed history of the insula showing that there had been frequent building changes over time and that there appeared to be a late appearance of shops and the addition of upper storeys in the last years of the city. The Pompeian Forum Projects main objective was to produce more accurate plans of surviving remains by the use of architectural analysis to widen the understanding of contemporary urban problems. The traditional view that the Forum was a builder’s yard after the 62 AD earthquake was disproved. There was also evidence found of a comprehensive earthquake plan for the Eastern side of the Forum. In Source A we can see how new research has amplified our knowledge of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Through research by Italys National Institute of Optics, it has been discovered that the famous Pompeian red was a colour created from the mixture of yellow paint and the gases from Vesuvius. In conclusion, the impacts of new research and technologies have considerably expatiated our enlightenment of the daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The many sources uncovered and analysed from these towns have been much more useful as a result of developing technology and research. In the years to come, technology will continue to develop, along with more information being discovered and this will result in more and more information being provided about the famous ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

A Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal

A Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal This paper is about typical grades of growing -up. A summary of the content of readings and discussions as we obviously cannot include everything .There are different definitions of age level (early adulthood, middle adulthood)and the adaptation to the age is different too. The problems of adaptation to the late adulthood and the concept of ageing, propositions to make life of old people more interesting and easier in the conditions of the Nurse House can help in the Health Care Assistants. Lifespan Psychology Reflective Learning Journal Changes in thinking, the person and behavior of adults depend on chronological age or from specific biological changes, than from personal, social and cultural influences or events much less. Social changes, cultural requirements of young adults can support, develop or destroy the templates of the behavior which has been put in pawn in teenage years. It is necessary to make of the decision and to overcome difficulties, proceeding from a daily life. A distinctive sign of a maturity is ability to react to changes and to adapt to new conditions. We conditionally divide years of growing-up on early adult (the second and third decades of a life), average (the fourth and fifth decade) and late adult (age of 60-65 years and above). Value of age for a separate individual can vary considerably .What prospects of classification and research of development of adults in the presence of the big number of specific features? For lack of other indexes, except any age ranges, we will address to concepts of age hours and social norms. By the end of the period of a youth (approximately by 30 years) the person worries a crisis condition, a certain crisis in the development, connected by those representations about the lives which have developed between twenty and thirty years, do not satisfy him. Analyzing the passed way, the achievements and failures, the person finds out, that at already developed and outwardly safe life its person is imperfect, that it is a lot of time and forces is spent for nothing, that he has a little made in comparison with that could make, etc. Differently, there is a revaluation of values, critical revision of the I. The person finds out, that he cannot change much in the life any more, in itself (himself): a family, a trade, ­ a habitual way of life. This crisis testifies that the person passes to a new age step a grown-up age. (Feldshtejn D.I.) According to Shaji, in the middle age the person uses the cognitive abilities to solve problems of others in a family and on work. At some these duties can become difficult enough, demanding adjustment of relations in working collective and assuming  ­ possession of the person of versatile knowledge. Such people have possibility  ­ to show the cognitive abilities, carrying out administrative functions. At later age, according to Shaji, character of solved problems varies again.  ­ The problem reintegration subjective traces of events all previous life, judgement of the life as whole and an estimation of the passed way becomes the main task ­. People of middle age should adapt to  ­ changing requirements and roles of old parents. When parents  ­ have good health and there can live independently, their relations with children are often characterized by mutual equality; it means, that parents and their adult son or the daughter render each other the concrete help. Such relations usually change, when parents fall ill or become too weak to live independently. The duty to look after parents brings not only satisfaction, but can be a stress source ­. It causes pressure in some between dependence and independence. The old conflicts connected with childrens dependence or other problems of family relations between parents and the child or between syblings can become more active again ­. Sometimes old attachments and the unions between members of a family or old rivalry again revive. Besides, care of parents serves as an omen of the future position of people of middle age which  ­ now look after the parents, but in near already the old age it should face own dependence on children. Decrease of physical strengths and appeal one of the main problems which the person in days of crisis of middle age and then faces. For those who is necessary on the physical qualities when was younger; middle age can become the period of heavy  ­ depression. Histories of the beautiful and charming women struggling with destructive action  ­ of time became banality. Act of nature of falling physical strengths of people  ­ of unexpectedly wide range of trades, including, artists and actors. University professors  ­ regretfully recollect the ability in students years to spend some days without a dream if that was demanded by an important issue. Many people simply complain that they start to get tired too often. Though well thought over program of daily exercises  ­ and a corresponding diet has the an effect, the majority of people in the middle age start to rely more and more on brains, instead of on muscles. They find new advantages in the knowledge accumulating life experi ence, get wisdom ( Bentley, E. (2007). The period of grown-up is characterized by that the basic or higher achievements of many kinds of creative, theoretical activity have these years. During this period there is a new differentiation of the separate parties of intelligence and at the same time its higher level of the general integration. So, in an interval from 34 till 37 years there comes the second peak in development of thinking of the adult person, more and more close and steady communications between figurative, verbally-logic and practical thinking (Pinjaeva S.E., Andreev N.V. Personal and professional development in a maturity//Questions in Psychol. 1998. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾-2. p.7). Lets address to group investigated by us with favorable forms of mental ageing. The following age group people 70 80 years ( «the second life »). This time when there are significant such illnesses of an old age as easing and restriction of impellent activity, the sight and hearing decrease, complicating habitual forms of activity. However the share of persons with the positive relation to ageing here again in essence does not vary, despite more significant for this group the factor of physical weakness, the big depth of physical decline. The physical condition of old men substantially depends on their psychological state of health: optimistically adjusted old men shipped in the affairs feel much better, than the despaired, hypochondriac people concentrated to the misfortunes. Certainly, creative people worry ageing is easier with them there is the favourite business, the saved up experience, the got wisdom. The history knows many examples of activity of writers, poets, artists, the musicians who lived to a ripe old age and have kept clearness of mind, taste by a life, creative abilities even contrary to a physical infirmity or illnesses. Goethe, Voltaire, Swift, Michelangelo, Renoir, Monet, Verdi, Beethoven derived strength for struggle against an old age in immense enthusiasm for the business; others, less known, but also causing respect, keep from own advantage. It is possible to note and one more characteristic fact testifying in favour of adaptive value of senile concern: motivational conditionality of a condition of alarm informs emotional experiences in structure of this condition bright partiality [Bennet, PravitsJ. G., 1987; Lazarus R. S., Averill J.G., 1972]. Emotional experiences of alarm (as a whole characterized as unpleasant) are incompatible with experiences of boredom and give a sharpness to a subjective picture of the surrounding validity. Concern concerning the health that is often shown at old men in shape hypochondriatic fixings Induces development of new interests and requirements for enrichment by medical knowledge in the field of the best ways of treatment and other forms of struggle against senile illnesses. Old men receive great pleasure from stories about the illnesses and thus them does not confuse, that surrounding these stories are perceived as persuasive older persons sincerely do not notice it as the life out of a society promotes decrease at Them the behavioral control. But conversations on illnesses, infinite treatment and self-treatment is a process, it is a way, instead of the way end. It is interesting that within the limits of this strategy of adaptation concern in health of relatives extends basically on the narrowest circle of relatives on which the life and well-being of old people directly depends. Other characteristic emotional condition of older persons, according to the given strategy of adaptation, age-situational depression in the absence of complaints to this condition is. As a whole, senile depression is shown in easing of an affective tone, delay of the affective vivacity, set aside à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ affective reactions; thus the person of the old person is limited in possibilities to transfer sincere emotional movements [Shahmatov N.F., 1996; Santrock J., 1995]. Older persons inform on feeling of emptiness of a surrounding life, its vanity and uselessness. All event before their eyes seems to them insignificant and uninteresting; interesting, full of sense the life in the past is represented only, and it never will return. But these experiences are perceived by older persons as usual and do not carry painful character. They grow out of life reconsideration, carriers of new senses and have adaptable value as protect the person from aspirations, struggle and for the excite ment interfaced to them which is the extremely dangerous to old men. Interpersonal conflicts a daily element of a life of the house for aged. People get to such houses-boarding schools with the broken destiny, growing old on( E.Eriksons) unsuccessful type, suffering from the former mental traumas which have not lost urgency, as a rule. They get here many blessings, but, at the same time, are exposed to the negative socially-psychological influences which are a consequence  «hostel way of life » and the state unified maintenance. It is rigid deformation of a personal existential continuum, free will restriction, depersonalization, etc. Neurotic conditions in which depressive passivity alternates explosive affective displays become result of negative influences. As a result of the listed tendencies mentality of the old person living in the house-boarding school, it is deep neurotic, that leads to its frequent collisions with associates. Such person creates round itself the disputed environment and itself becomes its victim. He gets to a vicious circle: a neurotic condition the conflict the new neurotic condition generated by the conflict. The person from this circle cannot independently be pulled out, the qualified psychological help is necessary for it. At the age of 60 years also is more senior the most widespread kind of pathology illnesses of system of blood circulation are. Following rank places occupy illnesses of bone-muscular system and a connecting fabric, bodies of breath, digestion, nervous system and sense organs, new growths. On these six classes of illnesses it is necessary about 90 % of all diseases at persons of elderly and senile age. The number of the older persons suffering because of death of the favourite person is amazingly great: about 12 million become a widow/widower older persons live in the USA, and over 800 thousand from them have become a widow/widower less than year back. At the age of 65 years more than half of women and 10 % of men have become a widow/widower at least once. Among those to whom for 85 years, 81,3 % of women and 40,5 % of men have become a widow/widower (Gibson, H.B. (2002.) Reactions of the person to heavy loss are characterized by especial scale of feelings, thoughts and behavior in which most often tested emotions are the grief and grief. The sharp melancholy and languor concern other reactions on died, a shock, catalepsy, hallucination experiences, anger, feeling of fault, depression, problems with health, irritability and feeling of senselessness of existence is equal as feeling of simplification and hope. Naturally, not all people, worrying heavy loss, test all or the majority of the listed emotions, therefore is difficult to divide normal and pathological reactions of experience of a grief. As consider M.Marshall and M.Dikson,  «if we have no positive experience of dialogue with old people in a daily life, the risk increases to see all old people in identical light, namely in what we see them on the work. And see we them as invalids, helpless problems having many » [Marshall M., Dixon M., 1996, with. 28]. Moreover, social workers and psychologists usually contact to old people and their families when they are in a difficult, crisis vital situation. Thus, if working with older persons have experience of dialogue with them only as with the patients and clients they usually have a confidence, that advanced age is time involution and difficulties of the most different plan. And after all older persons are capable to study, develop abilities, to get new interests. Social workers should listen older persons who tell them about the life; they can feel thus their grief, despondency, disappointment. However older persons have not only bitter experience. About many events which took place in their life, they do not recollect. Events for older persons become significant only in the event that they find reflexion in their late life. The psychologists working with elderly and old people, should have base education under personal and psychological characteristics of people of late age. Starting to work with the elderly and old people, many experts receive a shock from the clients  «client shock » [Britton P.G., Woods R.T., 1999, with. 20] already in the first week of work. Roots of this shock lay in insufficient understanding of old people, underestimation of their requirements and potential. The reason of other stress which experts can receive, is covered in a lack of abilities and the competence, necessary in work with this age group. It is possible to name and other problems necessity of knowledge of religion of that cultural group of the population which they serve, sexuality of old people (the taboo on this theme until recently has been imposed), personal changes in result of mental diseases. The main danger to those who works with older persons is sensitivity loss to their individual requirements. L.Brejtspraak allocates for experts three basic managements in work with older persons: Not to allow older persons to be involved in negative image of ageing, for example, it is necessary to help for them to see and understand, that the source of their problems lays in a situation, but not in them; To demand from elderly to take responsibility for the life there where it is possible; To stimulate activity of older persons who supports sensation of integration and integrity of a life. Old people sometimes become agers in relation to the age group. Therefore the problem of our personnel is softly to resolve their own relation to the age and to the age group. As a whole work [with older persons] in the psychological plan consists in the following: Maintenance and increase of social activity and a self-estimation of the person, prompting to expansion of social contacts; Creation of optimum conditions for training of skills on self-service and social functioning taking into account age changes; Stimulation of potential mental possibilities and creative abilities; Carrying out of special exercises and training to the skills compensating age changes. Work forms can be the most different. For me co-education of older persons and children in which course they operate in common is very effective and help each other, for example, training to computer games and games of type Dandy. Overall objectives of such training is derivation of older persons from thoughts on the past, studying them to live in the present by an establishment of friendly relations with young generation, search of the general interests connecting generations, and reception of pleasure from these communications and interests. Creation of clubs and circles on interests where would enter not only elderly, but also people of all age is effective. They promote dialogue, occurrence of feeling of aesthetic satisfaction, emotional support, raise pithiness of pastime, improve state of health and bring calm. To make the conclusion of the work, Id like to say that old people like kids need our attention, understanding and love. This age is the most non-protecting part of human beings. If they feel lonely, they must be heard by us. Our Nursing Home tries to keep the high level of living place for old people. We do the best to make them feel there like at home.

The Womans Role In Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

The Woman's Role In Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Shakespeare's, Macbeth, is a play full of betrayal and deception. It is a story about Macbeth's desires to achieve greatness and become king. Despite his involvement in actually committing the treasonous acts, he cannot be held accountable.   However, if it were not for the deeds of a woman at one time or another, Macbeth never would have involved himself with acts of treachery.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the opening scene, we begin to see the role that women play in Macbeth.   The three ugly witches are gathered in a thunderstorm cackling greedily over their evil plans. Their chant of "fair is foul, and foul is fair" illustrates how women perform acts of ugliness and evil to achieve disorder.   In addition, we see that women can cloud reality, thus causing deceptiveness in the "fog and filthy air."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Act I, scene 3, we again see the feminine presence through the witches. This time, however, they are casting spells on a poor sailor because his wife cursed one of the witches and refused to give her some chestnuts. Chances are, that if women are fighting, a man will suffer for it.   Just then, Macbeth and Banqou see the witches and engage them in conversation.   The witches greet Macbeth with, "Thane of Glamis" (his present title), "Thane of Cawdor" (his soon-to-be announced title), and the prophesy that he will be "King hereafter."   They also greet Banquo with, "lesser than Macbeth, and greater," as "not so happy, yet much happier," and tell him "thou shalt get kings, though thou be none."   How would the witches know of their future?   Perhaps they were trying to plant an idea in Macbeth's head that would later lead to certain calamity.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After Macbeth discovers the witches' first prediction came true, he begins to aspire to realize the next prediction of becoming king.   Already, because of the women, Macbeth begins to entertain the idea of such power. Macbeth later informs his wife of his encounter with the witches and their predictions.   Because Lady Macbeth likes the idea of becoming queen, she encourages Macbeth to kill Duncan.   Just like a woman would do, she begins to put her own interests before the well-being of her husband.   She tells him that he must kill Duncan, which he eventually does with great hesitance.   Even after he commits the deed, she maintains that what he did was rational, and thus

Angel in the House Essay -- essays research papers

Coventry Patmore believed his wife Emily was the perfect Victorian wife and wrote "The Angel in the House" about her. Though it did not receive much attention when it was first published in 1854, it became increasingly popular through the rest of the nineteenth century and continued to be influential into the twentieth century. The Little House series reflects what Patmore originally wrote and strongly believed. â€Å"The Angel in the House† theme is both introduced and intertwined throughout the series. It begins in The Little House in the Big Woods and continues to reveal itself throughout The Little House in the Prairie, thus giving to audience a view of nineteenth century culture. Patmore wrote that â€Å"Man must be pleased; but him to please is woman's pleasure.† This common concept of the nineteenth century reveals itself in this stanza. Women held one position in society, and it held constant throughout the eighteen hundreds: Please man. Ma, in The Little House series, is a prime example of the â€Å"Angel in the House.† Ma is always there for Pa. She realizes that he provides and she obeys. Ma, in The Little House in the Big Woods, had a schedule for each week. .She washed on Monday, Ironed on Tuesday, Mended on Wednesday, Churned on Thursday, Cleaned on Friday, and Baked on Saturday. On top of those chores, Ma prepared food and tended to Pa and the children. There wasn’t a day for Ma’s needs and desires. Ma presents herself as the stereotyp...

Ralph Waldo Emersons Transcendentalist Philosophy and Its Influence on

Ralph Waldo Emerson's Transcendentalist Philosophy and Its Influence on Margaret Fuller's Feminist Philosophy Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leading thinker in the American Transcendentalist movement, who first proposed many of the movement’s most influential ideas regarding the relation between the human mind and the world. He believed each person to possess a â€Å"soul,† a power within the self to uniquely perceive and understand the world, and grasp the intricate relationships between all things; Emerson’s universe was infinitely knowable, and his ideal, independent soul should be in a state of constant consideration and reevaluation of the world around him. Emerson’s notion of the chief end of life was the growth and development of one’s soul, and the maintenance of a constant state of learning and changing, of always becoming rather than simply being. He viewed society as a fundamentally oppressive phenomenon, as it imprints itself upon one’s soul and possesses the dictatorial capacity to hinder the soul’s crucial independent thought; to E merson, society was a â€Å"conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members†¦ The virtue in most request is conformity. Self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators but names and customs. Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist,† (Self-Reliance 1162). â€Å"Self-reliance,† the title of Emerson’s 1841 essay, advocates independent thought as a human ideal, above and beyond the confines of traditional, unquestioning society. Emersonian Transcendentalist thought influenced many other emerging figures, including the feminist thinker Margaret Fuller, who believed society, males and females alike, to be suffering from a lack of gender equality. Fuller took t... ...of minds, gains the capability of self-reliance. Emerson depicts his homeostatic society as governed by the tyranny of the fickle majority: â€Å"the sour faces of the multitude, like their sweet faces, have no deep cause,—disguise no god, but are put on and off as the wind blows, and a newspaper directs. Yet is the discontent of the multitude more formidable than that of the senate and the college,† (Self-Reliance 1164). This is paradoxical, in that the American people should ideally be free, but are instead manipulated by the tyrannical masses. If all Americans are governed by an oppressive majority, it seems that nobody is yet free. It would, therefore, follow, that some institutional or governmental reform should be necessary before anybody, man or woman, can be free enough to become self-reliant and, through Emersonian ideals, change society internally.

Sarees

Gharchola saris The Gharchola saris are among the most famous traditional wear of the women of the Indian state of Gujarat. This variety of silk saris has earned much popularity among the people from other regions of this country as well. The weaving technique of the Gharchola silk saris first came from the region around Cambay. These saris are first woven by using the silk and zari thread. Later they are either block printed or tie-dyed. The Gharchola saris of Gujarat are generally bought for weddings and other social and religious events.The most popular variety of this sari is one that comes in combination of red and white. A typical Gharchola sari is marked by the large zari checks that are found all over the sari. These checks carry small golden motifs. The most common motifs used in the Gharchola saris from Surat are those of peacocks, lotus, etc. Finally the Gharchola saris are dyed in the Jamnagar area of Gujarat. This is when the red color is added to the silk after the weav ing is completed. Jamnagar is preferred because of the quality of water in this place. Rajkot in Saurashtra is also an important place for these saris.The Gharchola silks are one of the most beautiful varieties of Surat saris. These saris are famous for the refined technique of weaving that is used. Maheshwari Sari Charming and elegant It has the quality of magnificence Pride of the owner It’s glamour personified! Once an exclusive privilege of the royalty has become an established Choice of the woman today. Conceived and designed by queen Ahilya Bai Holkar of Madhya Pradesh herself each Maheshwari Saree Conjures up a picture of royal Elegance. Majestic in its designs, it Is woven from silk and cotton fibres and embellished with gold zari.The Pallu is particulary distinct with its five stripes. Available in angoori (grape green), Gul bakhi (magenta), rani (deep Mauve Pink) and Raasini (light Violet) and famed for its reversible Border, that can be worn either Side, the royal Maheshwari is Vibrancy in an unadulterated from. Same as Chanderi Sarees which originate from Chanderi, Maheswari sarees originate from the town Maheshwar in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, India. This ancient town is situated on the banks for holy river Narmada Maheshwari fabric is known for its lightness, elasticity and fine thread count.In sharp contrast to the rich and heavy silken weaves of Kanjivaram, the silk and cotton mix of Maheshwaris is perfect to wear in the summer. Golden thread or Zari is also used to weave elegant motifs on the body, border and pallu of the sari. The most common patterns include brick, diamond, woven mat & Chameli flower patterns Gadwal sari Gadwal sari is a traditional sari made in Gadwal, Mahbubnagar district, India. [1] They are popular for their Zari saris. The local weavers are talented and weave the 5. 5 meters of saree fabric in such a way that it can be folded down to the size of a small match box.Gadwal Sarees have been very popular sin ce the 1930s. These are cotton sarees with an attached silk border and silk pallow. These sari features a fine cotton field which is weaved separately and later interlocked with borders and pallu made out of pure silk. This art of back-breaking or interlock weft technique is known as kupadam or Tippatiamu and hence the gadwal saris are locally called as Kupadam or Kumbbam Saris The sari is also said to have an influence of Banarasi weaving. The brocaded designs woven into the Gadwal saris represent south Indian cultural patterns.The motifs of the murrugan (peacock) and the rudraksh rule as the favorite along with the temple motif (Kutabham or Kotakomma). Other variations include mango design buttis all over body enriched by a dark contrast colour pallu having intricate geometric pattern zari design or self stripes design in body with zari buttis all over the sari field. Yellow, parrot-green, pink and beige are the mostly used colours. Pochampally Sari Pochampally Saree or Pochampall i Ikat is a saree made in Boodhan Pochampally, Nalgonda district, India. 1][2] They are popular for their traditional geometric patterns in Ikat style of dyeing. [3] The intricate geometric design find their way into the hands of skillful weavers and make it to the market as beautiful sarees and dress material. Pochampally sarees have been popular since 1800s. Pochampally Ikat uniqueness lies in the transfer of intricate design and colouring onto warp and weft threads first and then weave them together. The fabric is cotton, silk and sico – a mix of exquisite silk and cotton. Increasingly, the colours themselves are from natural sources and their blends.Pochampally, a cluster of 80 villages, has traditional looms, whose design is more than a century-old. Today this Silk City, which is more of a cottage industry, is home to more than 10000 weaving families in 100 villages. The fabric is marketed through the cooperative society and APCO, the master weavers and the business hous es in Pochampally. Pochampally does more than Rs. 1000000 Million annual business in terms of yarn sales, purchase of handloom products and sales. The government in 2010 divided the belt into two clusters Pochampally 1 and Pochampally 2, and is proving common weaving centres.Because of its unique design efforts are on to revive the dying art. Paithani Saris Paithani Saris not only give an elegant look but also adds royalty and thus most of the brides to be like to wear these heavily embellished paithani sarees on that auspicious day. Paithani Saris teamed up with the appropriate accessories, adds enormous grace and beauty. Paithani sari is known for its intricate weave of pure silk and gold. The paithani sari has played a significant role in weaving together the cultural fabric of Maharashtra.Paithani sari named after the Paithan region in Maharashtra state where they are woven by handmade from very fine silk, it is considered as one of the richest saris in Maharashtra. The Paithani sari is known the world over for its uniqueness. It is one of the most beautiful saris in the world. It’s beautifully crafted, with an exquisite zari border. The process of preparation of a Paithani sari can take a time period ranging from a month to years. It is because of these reasons that this sari is rather expensive. Paithani saris evolved from a cotton base to a silk base.Silk was used in designs and in the borders, whereas cotton was used in the body of the fabric. The Paithani silk saris are one of the richest gold brocade saris with stunning gold patterns woven in them. The zari used in the preparation of the sari is specially procured from Surat in Gujarat. It has an ornamental zari border and pallav, and buttis (little designs) of tara (star), mor (peacock), popat (parrot), kuyri (mango), rui phool (flower), paisa (coin), pankha (fan), kalas pakli (petal), kamal (lotus), chandrakor (moon), narli (coconut) and so on.Many of these innovative motifs and designs are found on the border and pallav in different sizes and patterns. Indian wears are popular because of its beauty of print, artwork, detailing of designs and quality of fabric soothing to skin of every wearer which adds glamour on every occasion. Since its inception in year 2000 at KK Handloom we are the leading suppliers of a variety range of Maharashtrian Sarees like Yeola Paithani, Brocket Paithani, Special Padar Paithani, Benarasi Silk Paithani sarees and many more at our Saree hub. The rich look in manufacturing with the fine quality fabric has attracted vendors all over the country.We at Kapse Paithani believes in quality delivering and complete customer satisfaction keeps range of traditional wears in all sizes and huge choice for colour adding charm and beauty to the wearer. Mainly in Maharashtra, Saree is the most elegant wear and the oldest form of women’s wearing, with the change of time a variety in its manufacturing and printing has been introducted. Here at Kapse P aithani team at the backend with their vast experience always strives to maintain the ethnic beauty of artwork with the modern touch of print.

Article Critique: the Tyranny of Choic Essay

I will be writing a Article Critique on the article â€Å"The Tyranny of Choice† by Barry Schwartz. In this Critique I will addressing many psychological concepts, including what is a maximizer and satisficers. Also I will test myself to see which one fits me the most with the decision I made in my life and the ones I will make in the future. A maximizer is someone who tries to get the best out of ever situation or tries every options until they found the best one. (Schwartz,2004) A satisficers is someone who would settle for OK even if the best is out their for them. Maximizers spend the most time on everything because they spend most of the time comparing any and everything they find. Satisficers may browse and look around but when they find something that is right for them then they eliminate any further browsing. A scale was develop to distinguish the two and it is called â€Å"The Maximization Scale†. When you use the scale and and you are higher than 4 then you are considered a maximizer. If you score lower than 4 then you are considered a satisficers. Many say that a maximizer tends to become more depress than a satisficers mainly because they tend to think about the many choices they turned down to get the â€Å"best choice†. Sometimes the choice they chose isn’t that much better then the other choices they turn down. So they would dwell on the thought and it would get them upset and start to become depress. Whereas with satisficers they get depress but not as much, because they are upset about their other choices but since they lowered their standards they are pretty acceptable with their decision. (Schwartz, 2004) My score is 4.3 which means that I am more of a maximizer. When I make a decision I do all of my research before I try or do anything new. I weight out my pros and cons before I attempt to do anything, mainly because I do not want to make a mistake in the long run. At the end of the day though I am happy with the decision but some how I see better choices that I either overlooked or didn’t pay attention to. When I figure out those choices I tend to get upset or mad with my self, because some time I think the magic what if Some try to put their all in their getting what they assume is the best choice. â€Å"The more we invest in a decision the more satisfaction we expect to realize from our investment.†(Schwartz,2004,pg 74) What ever they invest in, they expect to be able to use it or learn from it for a long period of time not a short one. The reason I say that is because they wouldn’t want to spend all their hard work and time on something that will not last that long. If that do happen then the person will be upset and soon become depressed about their wrongful decision. In my opinion I thought this Article was very interesting to read. I saw myself reading and thinking that I do the exact same thing I am reading about. I am a online shopper never go to the store and shop, but I tend to start site hopping. Which is simply me going from site to site trying to find the best choice or the best value. At first I didn’t know they gave people who find the better item and people who settle a name. I also tend to try to put my all in something I expect to last quite a while Example, I wanted the new Ipod touch, but it cause 300 with everything, now I sacrificed going out, getting fast food, and limiting my spending. Now the only reason I did that is because I expect the iPod to last for a long time now, but if it was to last for a couple of weeks or months then I would not have done all of that. Overall this article was a well put together article in which I learned a lot of information from that I can use later in life, it also explained a lot of thi ngs in my life at this time. In conclusion, â€Å"As the number of choices we face increase, the psychological benefits we derive start to level of†(Schwartz,2004 ,pg75) It seems like the more choices you are faced day by day the more it will start to bother your emotions and feelings. You are faced with so many choices on a day to day basis, and you try our to make the â€Å"ideal choice†. At the same time your mind may drift off and say â€Å"What if I chose this or that† then the pressure increase. This article was to help you realize somethings about yourself. Also it was something that would help you better yourself in the years to come. References Schwartz, B. (2004, April). The tyranny of choice. Scientific American, 290(4), 70-75.

GFR and Ret51

A) GFR and Ret51 both are receptors, GDNF is found to promote PNS development and kidney morphogenesis through the receptor complex consisting of GDNF family receptor 1 (GFR1) and the other receptor tyrosine kinase (Ret). Ret signal transduction is increased by translocation of GFR. GFR-mediated Ret activation is essential too for the kidney morphogenesis and for various other functions of abdominal precursors that form abdominal nervous system. Also, GFR has many lipid rafts because its GPI anchorage, but Ret is expelled from lipid rafts. In this paper, the gene replacement for GFR in mice results GDNF resulting in Ret activation but prevented its translocation into lipid rafts. These mice showed renal agenesis, and other disorders including loss of the enteric nervous system, and defects in motor neuron axon path similar to GFR mice that was knocked out, all this provided evidence along with lipid rafts GFR is also needed for neurotrophic factor signaling. B) Primary considerate neurons secluded from Gfr1and Gfr1TM/TM mice were maintained in vitro for some days. Then they treated the neurons with GDNF or medium for exact time of 15 minutes. The Detergent-resistant membranes quarantined from the neurons were examined by immunoblotting for Ret51. The comparative purity of detergent resistant and detergent soluble fractions was confirmed by using immunoblotting for caveolin and transferrin receptor, respectively B, the experiments shown in A, were computed and graphed. Otherwise, Substantial decline in the amount of Ret51 was recorded statistically that translocated into lipid rafts while GDNF stimulation in Gfr1TM/TM neurons compared with Gfr1 neurons. Similar Results were obtained after performing the experiment four times.Moreover, Lipid raft translocation experiments were performed to prove the concept that GDNF/GFR1/Ret complex does not translocate into lipid rafts in Gfr1TM/TM mice. Primary sympathetic neurons from Gfr1/ and Gfr1TM/TM mice were used to extract detergent-resistant membranes. Upon stimulation of Gfr1/ neurons with GDNF, Ret translocated quickly into lipid rafts. This was a contrast to Gfr1TM/TM neurons that an evident reduced movement of Ret into the detergent-resistant was recorded because of GDNF exposure. A small portion of Ret that did translocate into lipid rafts while stimulation may be owing to Ret kinase-dependent translocation of Ret into rafts that occurs with slower movements. There was a significant, 75% reduction in the kinetics of the Ret receptor complex into lipid rafts during GDNF exposure in Gfr1TM/TM neurons according to computation made by these experiments. C) The negative control design here for confirming the results that Ret doesn't translocate into lipid rafts during GFL activation in Gfr1TM/TM neurons, the primary sympathetic neurons isolated from Gfr1/and Gfr1TM/TM mice will be grown in the same way as test ones, with the only difference that there will be no treatment with GDNF or medium for 15 minutes, and the impact of this will confirm the result to much greater extent upon immunoblotting.

The external influence for Lufthansa airline

The external influence for Lufthansa airline was the gulf war which realized a decline of traveling passengers.   With the increased number of flights the they had to com up with a strategy to enable them to survive in the market. To do this the company started by redeveloping workshops tat would see change management instilled in the managers and the whole company as a whole. This therefore enabled the workers to be sensitized for the need for a radical change. This initial crisis management meeting was the starting point for the recovery team.The other step towards change was when the company decided to move from being publicly owned to privatization and the need to embrace restructuring that could see to it that there is an increase of cost and revenue transparency as well as market proximity and thus reducing the disintegration in decision process. There was a need for the company to focus on their external relationship. This was a result of experiencing overcapacity. Therefore there was the need to change their strategy of growth through internal strength to an alternative strategy of growth through partnership.   In the end of the 20th century the strategy of the airlines changed from competition between airlines to competition between networks.   Ã‚  So there was need to strengthen integration and alliance strategies.Change is inevitable in the endeavor of a company or an organization to remain relevant in its business. Change comes along with its advantages and disadvantages. For instance due to technological change some of the employees might be found redundant and therefore be retrenched. Also change might require some expertise manpower and therefore leading the company to hire skilled labor. It is therefore the responsibility of the managers to manage all manners of changes in the organization that matters, hence determining the success of the organization (Elsevier, 2005).At Lufthansa Airways the managers have been trained to counter change s trategically. They are sensitized such that they consistently redesign the company to fit the change in line with a new product. This is seen when the company takes on a new route.   The company makes the staffs to readjust frequently to the changing trends in business. For instance, the sometimes considers readjusting its payment mode to counter the fluctuation of the US dollar currency which the company is currently using.   Though this redesigning has not yet been approved, it shows that the company is ready to seal the loss it is encountering through this fluctuation.In the endeavor to manage the changing trends in the marketing field the company consistently comes up with new marketing strategies. The example provided earlier of the company contemplating of changing their trade currency due to fluctuation and its unpredictability shows that the company is proactive since the management foresees problems in the market which has already had an impact in terms of their revenue . For instance if the management decides to change the denomination of trade, they have to consider the pros and cons of the move before finally settling for the decision. The company is currently researching on the issue and this shows that indeed the management is sensitive on the issues thus manifesting a sound managementThe management of Lufthansa Airways handles change by prioritizing the change they have to take. In doing so, the management informs all the staff through written forms and meeting about the change. Of course, some of the staffs tend to resist change but the move is pacified by the management by ensuring the staffs that apparently resists change are informed about the need for change at the particular time. The staffs are taken through training and are shown the relevance of the change to particular individual and the importance of the change in reflection to the company’s goals.For instance when a new office is established on a new route, the staffs that are to be affected are put on a training session so that they are enlightened on the need for the expansion, how they will benefit individually and how they will be resourceful to the company. In essence the employees’ attitude is taken care of and the employees get motivated to take the responsibility they are given.This also tackles the issue of resistance to change since the employees are made to be part of decision making in the change process. Thus the company successfully manages change by ensuring that its vision is articulated. In addition the management ensures that they establish core values on which the workers will consistently work on (Handy, 1993). Thus in the process of managing change the management also succeeds in enabling the workers focus on quality services by encouraging them to participate, and pump a sense of ownership into them and shared accountability.The company’s Information Technology is wanting and this is affecting their communication. L ack of a thorough networked computer within the company’s premises makes it difficult for information to be relayed from one point to another. I T is indispensable in any business at this point and time in the contemporary world. The company has to invest in this technology and use it to do most of its transactions thus doing most of the business. It has to develop a website that will enable them to market their products globally.This problem of inadequate Information Technology has been deliberately caused by lack of prioritizing it as important. This in turn costs the company extra costs by keeping many employees who could have otherwise have been done away with. Therefore the main challenge in implementing this issue is that the current employees have a negative attitude towards the introduction of the new technology.The company should endeavor to improve the quality of their service. Partially their importation and distribution process is thwarted by the insufficient tech nology. They ought to employ the right employees in terms of the qualification too. This will make them to be more professional in their operations and thus increasing their productivity.In the endeavor to improve the quality of the company’s services the company ought to employ more employees and probably establish a synchronized customer care department. In this breath the company has to ensure that each department within their operation has defined roles and thus whenever a client asks for a query he/she is directed to the right department. This will make work easier for each person in the organization and thus leaving the client who is paramount in this organization pleased with their work. This also creates a win-win situation between the company’s management and other employees.The company can improve in minimizing the cost they incur by introduction of a synchronized technology and ensuring that information flows within the hierarchies of the company. Most of th e losses the company incurs as a result of poor communication between the company and its chain of distribution. This poor communication results to lose of customers’ due to dissatisfaction of their services. The company should not fear to hire competent people because they might be expensive in their charges and salaries, but they (competent people) are bound to work and bring results.The company should also ensure that its employees are trained and sensitized about time management. In so doing the company will save a lot in terms of the backlog of the work not attended to due to poor time management. The company will also have to solve the problem of perennial absenteeism among its employees. Time management is crucial in any organization that deals with supply and distribution of commodities since and if it is not taken into consideration, it might lead to loses as a result of cancelled orders due to late delivery and sometimes cancellation of the services. The challenge t hat might come along with implementation of strategies to manage time is that some employees might feel that their freedom is curtailed and feel that they are monitored around which might reflect negatively in their attitude and eventually their performance.The organization can resolve resistance by taking into account the needs, attitudes, and beliefs of the individuals involved as well as forces of the organization (Greenbury, 1999). The company should come up with a strategy that will ensure individuals are personally benefiting from the change so that they can be willing to participate in the change process. Positive and strong pressures for change can be established by creating shared perceptions by the group members of the need for change, thus making the pressure come form within the unit.The company can also reduce amount of opposition to change when those people who are to be changed and those who are to exert influence for a change have a strong sense of belonging to the s ame group.   There is a receptiveness for change from within to be easily acceptable than that that emanate from outside (Armstrong, 2002) it is therefore wise for the company to initiate change from within. Sometimes it is indispensable for change to come from outside, for instance technological change has to be borrowed from outside and at this time it is the duty of the company to enlighten their employees on the benefits of this kind of change. The company should at this point train their employee. This will make them to be positive in their attitude towards the change and thus work towards the success of the implementation of change.In addition the company must ensure that all relevant people in the group share the information relating to the need for change. They should plan for change and be ready to face the consequences of change. There is also the need of all the managers at all levels to deliberately open communication channels for the success of the process of change.à ‚   Also for the success of a change process the company has to specify the progress criteria against which improvement will be measured. This will reduce the possibility of conflict among the members of the organization thus reduction of resistance to change.List of ReferencesArmstrong, M. (2002) How to Become Even a Better Manager. London: Kogan PageBarbara S. (2006) Change management. NY Person EducationElsevier, B. (2005) Positive Working Relationships. London: Kogan PageGreenbury, J. (1999) Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice HallReferencesHandy, C (1993) Understanding Organizations. Berkshire: PenguinMullins, L (2000) Management and Organizational Behavior. Berkshire: PenguinRollin, D (1988) Organizational Behavior and Analysis. New York: Wiley

Modern, post-modern and other critical approaches ( Subject of your Essay

Modern, post-modern and other critical approaches ( Subject of your choice) - Essay Example One such aspect affected by postmodernism in any aspect of a business, marketing in particular, involves the sphere of business ethics, because it is in the marketing function that the business makes a promise to its customers, and customers respond on the basis of this promise in the corresponding sale. If there is an aspect of business that must be as categorical and definite as possible, it is this interface between the customer and the firm. Ethics is governed by a set of norms and values that define relationships between people. In the context of business, ethical behaviour, or one that is conceived to be, is necessary to maintain trust in what is essentially a fiduciary relationship (as between transacting parties, faith that each counterparty will comply with his or her obligations). Were such a relationship governed by the subjectivity of postmodernism, then the clarity of obligations between parties – what is promised and how it should be accomplished – will be tantamount to an unenforceable matter because of a lack of definition. For this reason, there have been spirited debates about the effect of postmodernism on the conduct of business ethics. This paper shall first discuss the meaning and significance of postmodern marketing and its usefulness as a strategic business tool; thereafter, the discussion shall well on the degree to which postmodern marketing may promote or impede realization of imperatives of business ethics. Meaning of postmodernism vis-a-vis modernism Before the topic of â€Å"postmodern marketing† could be discussed, it is necessary to give a meaning to the term â€Å"postmodern† – and upon a quick scan of the available literature, the only impression that the reader is left with is that postmodernism defies definition. The term conveys something that is â€Å"after modern†. The dilemma in this term is that the layman’s connotation of â€Å"modern† is that of the here and now; therefore there can never be an after-now, because â€Å"modern† is always current and always new. As much as been said by some authors, who state that â€Å"modern would seem to be a time-descriptive term, not a fixed state, and therefore †modern† and â€Å"postmodern† had often been interchanged and are, sometimes, used to connote the same thing (Alloway, 1981). To this reader’s mind, it amusedly mirrors the similarity between â€Å"flammable† and â€Å"inflammable† that the inclusion of a prefix does not change the meaning conveyed. One’s misconceptions are set aright, however, with the explanation Firat, Dholakia, and Venkatesh (1994) about the distinction between modernism and postmodernism. Modernism does not describe the attribute of things due to their currency in time, but rather a state of mind in viewing things. In postmodernism, the individual, self, freedom, agency, and structure, all of these become â€Å"ephemera l rather than essential and fixed† (Firat, et al., 1994, p. 40). They are viewed as imaginary, as in a myth system, compared to modernism’s concept of things as essential and fixed. When something is allowed to be a myth, however, then it ceases to have a substantial reality, and instead may assume several essences, to as many who would perceive it. The reality of the thing exists in the mind of the viewer, and if this mythical reality is to be sustained over its substantive

Anthropology of humor Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology of humor - Movie Review Example Satire is amusing because it is based on some element or kernel of truth (Brown & Paul, â€Å"Thank You For Smoking: Learning About Politics†). This motion picture may be aptly labeled a multi-layered caricature of the American modern society because it portrays the career-focused Nick Naylor, a ‘lobbyist’ divorcee as the main character, as well as the milieu where he moves in. Indeed, there couldn’t have been any other better actor to portray the role of a smooth talker, loving father, passionate career-person, depressed ex-employee, enlightened parent and glib-expert on the rebound. Furthermore, the plot doesn’t just work along the lines of smoking, career, family and divorce. The story has other sub-plots which make it a unique and amusing film in its own right, touching on topics of sex, manipulation, business, power and contemporary politics among other things. Being a travesty of sorts, the title Thank You For Smoking is used to emphasize Nickà ¢â‚¬â„¢s perspective of being a great speaker who can always hold his audience to empathize with his cause. Speaking on behalf of the tobacco industry is, in itself, already a cause that is not justifiable since it is open knowledge that cigarettes and tobacco are directly linked to lung cancer.

BUSINESS STRATEGY Company case report (written document) Essay

BUSINESS STRATEGY Company case report (written document) - Essay Example It was also the first company to offer the well-known curry chicken in a canned form that was convenient. Currently, the company produces a range of Asian and non-Asian beverages. The Asia drinks come in a range of soy drinks, juice drinks and ready-to-drink teas. Specific brands include soya milk, black soy drinks, Laichi, sugar cane beverage, lemon tea, Winter melon, Chrysanthemum tea, Herbal tea and Green tea. In addition to beverages, the company also produces a vast range of culinary sauces. This include canned curry, condiments, culinary paste, spreads, instant noodles and vermicelli, and canned and jar food. These sauces do not contain preservatives. Yeo’s Malaysia delightful selection of refreshing Asian drinks is cherished in every occasion naturally. The company’s authentic taste is inspired by traditional drinks brewed in Asia and its range of thirst-quenching drinks is a delight to customers in many Asian and non-Asian households. The major markets for the c ompany are Malaysia, Singapore, China, IndoChina, Hong Kong, North Asia, South Asia/Asia Africa, Vietnam, US, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Macro environment analysis of the industry using the PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technology) model. The political environment in Malaysia provides a safe and stable environment for Yeo’s operate in. There are regulations, tariffs and requirements international businesses must conform to operate in Malaysia. Even though the government is liberalizing its tariff regime progressively, products that are in competition with products that are manufactured locally are still highly protected and the company benefits greatly from this. Malaysia is a high export oriented economy and this provides an ideal economic environment for Yeo’s Malaysia to operate in because the company relies both on local and export markets. The country’s economy is well performing and its business regulations, tariffs and requirements are more favorable for local manufacturers. The government also identified food and agribusinesses as the nation’s key opportunities and this has motivated large companies like Yeo’s to develop strong brands and distribution networks. These have led to the accumulation of large economic resources for the company. There are also bilateral trade agreements with between Malaysia and some of its major markets like Australia and this makes business more favorable to the company. The Asian community and the larger Yeo’s market are highly conscious about health and strongly emphasize on safety. In Malaysia specifically, foods and beverages undergo the strict inspection to ensure they comply with the stringiest standards. The company uses no preservatives in its culinary brands and the most minimal in its beverages. Soy products are identified as healthy food. This has favored the operation of the company in Malaysia and ensured company’s products are on the hig hest demand. Yeo’s Malaysia has made and maintained a courageous commitment to technology. The company has undertaken a notable computer development and training as one its major human resource agenda. Analysis of the beverage industry using Porter’s five forces model Porter (1998) identifies five forces that influence an industry. These are supplier power, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, rivalry and buyer power. One of the things that present a threat

Religion in the Civil Rights Movement Research Paper

Religion in the Civil Rights Movement - Research Paper Example All these ill treatment and actions attributed to severe racism. The same time frame also witnessed the invasion of Northwestern Mexico and its eventual annexation. Even the Asians were brought in the United States as laborers, and afterwards subjected to exclusionary laws. These severe criminal conspiracies by the United States authorities on the basis of racism led to the formation and execution of civil rights movement . The emergence of the person, John Lewis, United States congressman, on a political scene played a vital role in the civil rights movement. His religious beliefs and practices had a significant effect on the execution of the civil rights movement in the United States. John Lewis was born in the outskirts of Troy on 21st February, 1940, Alabama, to a family of sharecroppers (the land owner permits the tenant to use his land in exchange of a share of the farmers’ net output). Lewis was born at a time when African Americans in the South were subjected to a humi liating segregation in education and all public facilities, and were effectively prevented from voting by systematic discrimination and intimidation. John Lewis was one of the most significantly influential people in the civil rights movement in the United States. He dedicated his life to the people of his society, and engaged himself in protecting their rights and ensuring their well being. Lewis’s contribution in protecting the security of the human rights of the people and upholding the civil liberties turned him as one of the most influential and early proponents of the same2. Since the early age, Lewis was engaged in educating himself, and procuring ways to ensure justice for his people. He was effectively influenced and inspired by the likes of Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. During the famous Montgomery Bus Boycott, he effectively participated and collaborated with Dr. King to join the struggle for civil rights. Lewis had to pursue his education in segregated public schools in Pike country, Alabama. He completed his graduation at the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville, Tennessee. At Fisk University Lewis also pursued a Bachelor's in Religion and Philosophy. During his tenure as a student, Lewis systematically analyzed the philosophy and techniques of non-violence, along with his fellow classmates who also efficiently participated in the process. They used the segregated lunch corners to carry on their work. Due to their participation in the protest, Lewis and his classmates were targeted, harassed, even beaten, and, lastly, were put behind the bars. However, they still continued their progress in spite of all the hardships and genocide they had to undergo. During the year 1961, Lewis along with his classmates participated in the freedom rides, in which they challenged the isolation of interstate buses. In the process, Lewis and his fellow mates were brutally attacked and beaten by a flash mob in the Montgomery bus termin al. In spite of the brutality they faced, Lewis encouraged and practiced non-violence thoroughly. He was one of the esteemed founders of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and was also the president of the committee from 1963 to 1966. During his tenure as president of the committee, SNCC emerged as the face of the student movements for civil rights. Lewis was recognized among the prominent leaders of the civil rights movement, along with Dr. King Jr., Whitney Young, A.P. Randolph, James Farmer and